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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition drives a pro-metastatic Golgi compaction process through scaffolding protein PAQR11
Xiaochao Tan, … , Yanzhuang Wang, Jonathan M. Kurie
Xiaochao Tan, … , Yanzhuang Wang, Jonathan M. Kurie
Published January 3, 2017; First published November 21, 2016
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2017;127(1):117-131. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI88736.
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Categories: Research Article Cell biology Oncology

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition drives a pro-metastatic Golgi compaction process through scaffolding protein PAQR11

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Abstract

Tumor cells gain metastatic capacity through a Golgi phosphoprotein 3–dependent (GOLPH3-dependent) Golgi membrane dispersal process that drives the budding and transport of secretory vesicles. Whether Golgi dispersal underlies the pro-metastatic vesicular trafficking that is associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains unclear. Here, we have shown that, rather than causing Golgi dispersal, EMT led to the formation of compact Golgi organelles with improved ribbon linking and cisternal stacking. Ectopic expression of the EMT-activating transcription factor ZEB1 stimulated Golgi compaction and relieved microRNA-mediated repression of the Golgi scaffolding protein PAQR11. Depletion of PAQR11 dispersed Golgi organelles and impaired anterograde vesicle transport to the plasma membrane as well as retrograde vesicle tethering to the Golgi. The N-terminal scaffolding domain of PAQR11 was associated with key regulators of Golgi compaction and vesicle transport in pull-down assays and was required to reconstitute Golgi compaction in PAQR11-deficient tumor cells. Finally, high PAQR11 levels were correlated with EMT and shorter survival in human cancers, and PAQR11 was found to be essential for tumor cell migration and metastasis in EMT-driven lung adenocarcinoma models. We conclude that EMT initiates a PAQR11-mediated Golgi compaction process that drives metastasis.

Authors

Xiaochao Tan, Priyam Banerjee, Hou-Fu Guo, Stephen Ireland, Daniela Pankova, Young-ho Ahn, Irodotos Michail Nikolaidis, Xin Liu, Yanbin Zhao, Yongming Xue, Alan R. Burns, Jonathon Roybal, Don L. Gibbons, Tomasz Zal, Chad J. Creighton, Daniel Ungar, Yanzhuang Wang, Jonathan M. Kurie

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Figure 6

PAQR11 is a target of multiple miRs.

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PAQR11 is a target of multiple miRs.
(A) Heat map of PAQR11, ZEB1, and m...
(A) Heat map of PAQR11, ZEB1, and miR levels in KP cells (n = 3 samples per cell) with legend (left). (B) The PAQR11 3′-UTR and predicted miR binding sites are shown at top. Bar graphs show luciferase activities in 344SQ cells (left) and H1299 cells (right) transiently cotransfected with PAQR11 3′-UTR reporter and negative control (NC) or gene-specific pre-miRs (n = 3 samples per condition). §P < 0.0001.(C) Illustrations of PAQR11 3′-UTR reporters (top) showing the mutated miR-148a site (left), mutated miR-206 sites (middle), and mutated miR-200c sites (right). Bar graphs show luciferase activities in 344SQ cells transiently cotransfected with negative control (NC) or gene-specific pre-miRs and reporters that were empty (Vec) or contained WT PAQR11 3′-UTR sequences or PAQR11 3′-UTRs with mutations in either (MT1 or MT2) or both (MT1+2) of the predicted binding sites. (D) The bar graph shows the results of qPCR analysis of ectopic miR-148a, -206, and -200c levels in 393P_ZEB1 cells stably transfected with vectors expressing ectopic miRs or with empty vectors (Vec). (E) The bar graph (n = 3 samples per condition) shows the results of qPCR analysis of PAQR11 mRNA levels in 393P_ZEB1 cells stably transfected with vectors expressing ectopic miRs or with empty vectors (Vec). (F) Western blot analysis of PAQR11 levels in 344SQ cells (top) and H1299 cells (bottom) transfected with pre-miRs or negative control (NC) oligos. β-Actin was included as loading control. (G) The scatter plots show Golgi areas normalized to nuclear areas in 393P_ZEB1 cells (left), 344SQ cells (middle), and H1299 cells (right) that stably express ectopic miRs or empty vector (Vec). Each dot represents values from a single cell. P values were determined using 2-tailed Student’s t test or ANOVA for comparisons between 2 groups or more than 2 groups, respectively. Results were replicated (n ≥ 2 experiments). See complete unedited blots in the supplemental material.
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